SOMME LE ROI, ETC.
Vellum, 11 x 7.25, ff. 135 + 3, double columns of 22 lines, single lines 30 to page, and double columns of 30 lines. Early 14th cent., in two fine hands, the first very large and black.
Donor, T. Baker, who writes:
Librum hunc mihi testamento suo legavit Thomas Leech S. T. B. hujus Collegii socius, reliquis Collegis suis Doctrinâ par, pietate omnibus superior. Quantus et qualis Vir !
Requiescat in pace !
Sic mihi contingat vivere
sicque mori.
-nec te tua plurima,
Pantheu,
labentem pietas nec Apollinis Infula texit.
On flyleaf:
Thomas Pyerpount (xv-xvi)
T.
L(eech) ex dono Charissimi Patris I. L.
Collation : 3 flyleaves, 18 – 168 (8 canc.) 178.
The book most likely belonged to Peterborough. A flyleaf at the beginning is part of a roll giving lists of names and payments under headings of place-names, three of which remain, namely: ...on Wateruyle, Fletton, Alwolton.
Contents:
1. La
Somme le Roi (no title) . . . . . p. 1
Ceus sount les diis
comaundemenz qe nostre seygnur com-
aunda a toutz les soens bien garder.
Le primer comaundement qe
dieu fist e comanda est cestuy.
Tu naueras pas diuers deus.
Articles de la foy, p.
12. Sins, p. 18. Male chose est de-
mentir, etc., 113.
A ennuis moert qi nadpris a
morir, 127. Biens temporeus, 139.
Paternoster, 143.
Ends unfinished, p. 233:
E nous qi sumes crestiens e
auoms e sauoms les com-
mandemens dieu e auoms la grace du saint esperit si nous
ueoms qe [added: nous soit a deuant et ne regardons a cela].
2. In
another hand:
(H)ere begynny{th} placebo
on englich’. antyne . . 233
(I) schal quemen our lord in
{th}e lond of {th}e liuande.
Ps. Dilexi. (I)ch loued oure
lord for {th}at oure lord schal
heren, etc.
Ends p. 252: Resten huy in
pes amen.
Pater noster, In manus tuas,
vii dedly sennes, ten comaunde-
mens, vii werkes of merci, in English . . . 252
3. In
double columns;
The counsels of Alquinus to
Guido (“of Warewik”) in English
verse . . . . . . . 254
(L)estnet alle to my spelle
Hel{th}e of soule i wil {y}ou telle
{th}t i wil saie nis no
fable
bote it is swi{th}e profitab(l)e.
Ends p. 269: and for his sennes he was sori
and wan he deyde {th}t
gode gy.
Is soule wente to paradis
{th}er ioye and blis euere is
and god leue so mote we
Sey alle amen
par charite.
Heyl be {th}u
marie milde quene of heuene (4 lines) . . 269
Aue maria-tecum.
Heil seinte marie quene cortas and hende
ffor {th}e ioye {th}t {th}u haddest wan
crist {th}e aungel sende
and seide {th}t {th}e holi gost scholde in
{th}i bodi wende
{th}u bring me out of sinne and
schuld me fram {th}e fende.
In all there are 13 of these
stanzas, each prefaced by an Ave.
The last ends:
In non of {th}e sinnes seuene {th}orw no fendes wille
Nou bring my saule to heuene {th}erin a place to fille.
Aue, etc.
Two prayers in Latin: Aue
gaude maria . . . 270
Deus omnip. deus messias. deus sother.
The first part of the book is illustrated with historiated initials of very fine execution on gold grounds, and with some partial borders in which the English (?) daisy bud is a prominent feature.
p. 1. Initial. Christ seated with orb, in which is a tall cross; surrounded by the Evangelistic emblems.
In lower margin: Moses, horned, receives the tables
of the law from Christ in a cloud. Fine
border.
p. 12.
Articles of Faith. A group of
six apostles (Peter and John distinguishable): very finely drawn.
p. 18. John
seated at desk, an eagle’s head in cloud on R. holds a scroll iohanne
which rests on the desk.
Lower margin: A dark spotted beast with seven heads
and ten horns with crowns.
On p. 99 is a marginal pencil sketch of a grotesque
head and legs.
p. 113. A nimbed Apostle addresses a seated and standing group of five on R.
p. 117.
Augustine (?), nimbed, in dark blue habit and skull cap, sits on green
seat with desk attached and addresses four people sitting and standing on R.
Gardez vous bien de tencer. Cest el diable enco(m)brer.
p. 127.
Death. A corpse with red and
green cloak pierces with a spear a king seated on R.: somewhat rubbed.
p. 139.
Wheel of Fortune. She stands
behind the wheel with her hands on the spokes: four figures are on the tyre as
usual; the one at top crowned, the one at bottom almost nude. Inside the wheel the ground is gold: outside
it is blue and red patterned. A
brown-red frame has the usual verse in white capitals:
RENGNABO
· RENGNO · RENGNAUI · SUM SINE RENGNO.
p. 143.
(Pater noster). A doctor in blue
habit over red, and skull cap, sits holding birch rod and addressing five
seated boys: a sixth stands holding a tablet inscribed +a. b. c. etc.
p. 145.
Christ seated on a chair at the top of steps, with book, addresses a
group of Apostles (not all are nimbed) on R.
p. 164. Paul
with sword addresses seated men on R.
The drawing of these pictures is extremely delicate.
The ordinary initials are mostly in blue, with fine filling-in in red pen-work.
Negative microfilm in St John's College Library.
J. Courcelle and P. Courcelle, 'Scènes anciennes de l'iconographie Angustinienne', Revue des Études Augustiniennes 10:1 (1964). Copy in St John's College Library.
E. G. Millar, English Illuminated Manuscripts from the XIVth to the XVth Centuries (Paris, 1928), p. 16. It is first attributed to Master of Queen Mary's Psalter (British Library Royal 2.B.vii). Millar reproduces p. 117 (pl. 40a) and p. 143 (pl. 40b).
L. Dennison, 'An Illuminator of the Queen Mary Psalter Group: The Ancient and Master', Antiquaries Journal 66:2 (1986), 287-314.
L. F. Sandler, Gothic Manuscripts 1285 - 1385 (Oxford, 1986).
For a 14th century translation of part 1 see W. Nelson Francis (ed.), The Book of Vices and Virtues (London, 1942), cf. B.9. no. 6.
For part 1 see Leo Carruthers, La Somme le Roi de Lorens d'Orléans et ses Traductions Anglaises (Paris, 1980).
The Pater Noster and In manus tuas in part 2 (f.126v) are printed in William Maskell, Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae Vol. II (London, 1846), p. 239 and p. 283.
Another version of part 3 has been printed in G. L. Morrill, Speculum Guidonis de Warwyk (London, 1898). The editor was appararently unaware of this MS.
For part 3, p. 254, the 'Speculum Guy de Warwick'. This version has never been printed, but is mentioned in Carleton Brown and Rossell Hope Robbins, Index of Middle English Verse (New York, 1943), item 1101. See also C. Horstmann (ed.), Yorkshire Writers Vol. 2 (London, 1895-6), pp. 24-36. Copy in St John's College Library.
Part 3, p. 269, 'An orison of the Five Joys of Mary', is printed by C. Brown, Religious Lyrics of the Fourteenth Century (Oxford, 1924), pp. 29-31.
Exhibited (p. 143) at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, from 26 July to 11 December 2005. See the exhibition catalogue: P. Binski and S. Panayotova (eds.), The Cambridge Illuminations: Ten Centuries of Book Production in the Medieval West (London: Harvey Miller, 2005) no. 117.
Stella Panayotova (ed.), The Cambridge Illuminations: the Conference Papers (London: Harvey Miller, 2007) pp. 97-101, 102 figs. 1-2, 103 figs. 3-4.